UK Tax Calculator 2026-27
Calculate your take-home pay after income tax and National Insurance contributions.
Calculate your take-home pay after income tax and National Insurance contributions.
The United Kingdom's income tax system is administered by Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC) and is one of the most developed tax systems in the world. The system is progressive, meaning the tax rate increases as income rises. For the 2026-27 tax year, the UK offers a personal allowance of £12,570, below which most individuals pay no income tax, making it one of the most generous tax-free thresholds in the developed world.
The UK operates a progressive income tax system with four main tax bands: the personal allowance (0%), basic rate (20%), higher rate (40%), and additional rate (45%). The personal allowance means the first £12,570 of income is tax-free. Most taxpayers fall within the basic rate band, which applies to income between £12,571 and £50,270. Higher earners pay 40% or 45% on income above these thresholds.
National Insurance is a separate system that funds the NHS, state pensions, and welfare benefits. Employees pay National Insurance at 10% on earnings between £12,570 and £50,270, and 2% on earnings above £50,270. Self-employed individuals pay Class 2 and Class 4 contributions based on their profits. These contributions are mandatory and deducted automatically from salaries through PAYE.
Most employees have their tax and National Insurance withheld automatically through the PAYE (Pay As You Earn) system. The HMRC processes this through your employer, ensuring you pay the correct amount throughout the year. Working Tax Credit and Child Tax Credit may be available to eligible low and middle-income families, providing additional financial support.
Self-employed individuals and those with additional income sources must complete a Self-Assessment tax return. The deadline is January 31 following the end of the tax year. Registered businesses can claim various deductions including business expenses, home office costs, and professional fees. Pension contributions also receive valuable tax relief, allowing individuals to build retirement savings tax-efficiently.